Most of us have seen sports photos that capture the essence of the action - mostly in the sports sections of the newspapers. It’s normally pretty hard to create quality sporting photos because most of the time (for large events) you can’t get close enough to the action to capture the event properly. Would you like to be able to take those same quality images of your kid’s sports events? Read on.
Location
You need to get as close to what you are shooting as you can. Most press photographers are given specific places they can shoot from - and they pay for that privilege. I’m betting you don’t have a press pass and so will need to shoot from the stands. Get as close to the action as possible.
It also helps to know the sport you are photographing. Get into the correct location to enable you to “capture the moment”. Near the goal posts is usually a good spot for Football or Soccer.
Capture The Moment
Sports photography is mostly about timing. Be ready at the right place and be ready to shoot at the right time. Most sports have predictable moments - scoring a goal, getting a home run, shooting a basket. Be ready for when these moments happen.
Remember the following - “If you see the action, you missed it.” This basically means you need to anticipate the action. Don’t wait for the batter to hit the ball before pressing the shutter. If you do, the image will likely to be taken once the ball has been hit and has left the frame. Anticipate by holding the shutter release down half way (so the camera can focus and set the exposure level). Just before the ball is hit, press the shutter all the way down. Through experience, you will learn how much time beforehand you need to press the shutter.
Be aware that sports also have unpredictable moments, so keep a keen eye out for these and have your camera ready.
Sports Equipment
Having the correct gear is essential to great sports photography. Because most of the time you will be standing a long way from the action, you will almost certainly need a telephoto lens to enable you to zoom in. Because most good telephoto lenses are large and bulky, you should also think about a monopod (a tripod with only one leg). An optional piece of equipment is a flash with a high output but be aware that a lot of sports events do not allow flashes. Talk to an event official first to get the okay.
Focus
An out of focus shot is pretty useless. You should aim for every photo to be crisp and clear. Auto focus cameras do a very good job of this, and they usually focus pretty quickly. Many times, however, manual focus will work much better because the camera’s auto focus can take a long time to complete.
There are two ways you can focus your camera - Zone Focus and Follow Focus. Follow Focus is where you keep your camera on the subject, changing the focus as needed to ensure the subject stays in focus as they are moving around the court (or ground). This works well when most of your subjects are moving from side to side in your image - car racing, football and soccer are three examples.
Zone Focus is where you expect the action to take place at a specific position - eg a the basket ball ring or the jump point for a high jumper. Focus on the area you want to be sharp and wait for your athlete to move into the zone.
Composition
Faces. The face is the primary source of emotion, and because emotion is what makes a shot it’s vitally important to include faces in your digital images. It can be difficult to capture faces in some sports (fencing for example involves face cages, baseball caps create shadows on the players faces). Use a flash to fill in the shadows in these instances but remember the flash has a very limited range.
Use Vertical. Because the human form is taller than it is wide, it lends itself to a vertical composition. Rotate your camera 90 degrees so the height of your image is also larger than the width.
Rule Of Thirds. The Rule Of Thirds is also useful here. Divide the frame into thirds vertically and horizontally and place the subject where the lines intersect. Watch for where the player is moving too - if they are moving to the right, place them on the left third line and vice versa.
Take Individual Shots. Most professional photographs are of individuals so try to shoot one person at a time. Exceptions to this are when there is conflict - two players fighting for a ball.
Know Your Sport
Each sport has a different technique for getting the best images and it helps to know the key elements of your sport. Know the basic fundamentals of the game and be prepared for what may happen next. With 15 seconds to go with a basketball team two points down, they may try to shoot a basket from the opposite end of the court. Anticipating this will help immensely with your photographs.
It also helps to know the players. If a particular player does a victory dance after each touchdown, be ready for it when it happens.
Freezing Action Shots
Most of the time you want to freeze the action. People want to see people suspended in mid air, or in mid shot. To freeze the action you need a fast shutter speed. The faster the shutter speed, the better the freeze but the more light you need. Most of the time this won’t be a problem as a lot of sports are held outdoors. Set your camera to the fastest shutter speed possible.
The Illusion of Movement
It isn’t always the best thing to freeze-frame the action. Blurry images imply movement which helps in some sports. You don’t want a race car to appear to be standing still but having the car crisp while the background is blurry will help show that the car is moving fast.
Slow your shutter speed down and follow the subject (panning) with your camera. Try to keep your subject in the same position in the frame. This will blur the background and keep your subject sharply focused.
Emotion
Hands down Emotion is what makes fantastic photos. If there is no emotion, there is no desire to view a photo. Fortunately, sports participants who are exerting themselves exhibit emotion. The thrill of victory or the agony of defeat are both fantastic emotions to capture. But don.t forget the other chances for emotion to show: A high jumper preparing for the highest jump of his career; a cricketer batsman positioning a hit ball between two fielders; Even a junior hockey player getting the hair out of her eyes.
Oh, and crowd reactions also make fantastic shots. Don’t forget to turn your camera around every now and again and look at the crowd.
Take Safe Images
Although you want to try to take memorable shots at key points in the action, sometimes you just miss them. To ensure you have a record of the day, take a number of “safe” images that will show what happened, but may not have the emotion of that specific action shot. Take images of the players doing “what they do” in the sport. Eg a tennis player serving.
Take lots of images
Not every image you take will be a perfect shot capturing the action and emotion. Prepare for this and take as many shots as you can while at the event. It’s not unusual for professional photographers to take 100 shots during a match and only use two or three. Don’t just take any old shots though. Try to plan each one to capture a story or an emotion.
Taking memorable sports images can take time and effort, but with patience and a little knowledge, you too can produce sports magazine quality images.
